Dataset

UTDQuake is a global earthquake dataset that provides multi-station Seismic Data and DAS Data in a unified tabular framework.

UTDQuake enables reproducible research and facilitates the development and benchmarking of pick-based methods for phase association and earthquake location.

Access

The dataset is available on Hugging Face:

It is also hosted on GitHub:

Seismic Data

Seismic data is organized in four main types of data: Networks, Stations, Events, and Picks tables. It also integrates EventBanks to enable efficient access, filtering, and management of raw earthquake catalogs.

Directory    Format       Description
----------   -----------  -------------------------------------------------------
networks/    *.parquet    Network metadata.
events/      *.parquet    Earthquake event catalogs per network.
stations/    *.parquet    Station metadata per network.
picks/       *.parquet    Seismic phase pick datasets per network.
bank/        *.zip        ObsPlus EventBank datasets, one per network. Can be
                          read directly using ObsPlus EventBank
                          <https://niosh-mining.github.io/obsplus/versions/latest/api/obsplus.bank.eventbank.html>.

Each dataset is organized per network and can be explored interactively using the Hugging Face dataset viewers below.

Network

The Network dataset contains metadata about each seismic network.

Structure of the Networks table in UTDQuake.

Column	Type	Description
network	string	Network identifier
continent	string	Continent of network
provider	string	Data provider
provider_url	string	Provider URL
country	string	Country
agency	string	Responsible agency
total_stations	int64	Total stations in network
located_stations	int64	Stations with location information
confirmed_stations	int64	Verified stations
calculated_stations	int64	Derived stations
original_events	int64	Original number of events
original_p_arrivals	int64	Original number of P picks
original_s_arrivals	int64	Original number of S picks
events	int64	Number of events after QC
p_arrivals	int64	Number of P picks after QC
s_arrivals	int64	Number of S picks after QC
start_time	timestamp[us]	Start of catalog
end_time	timestamp[us]	End of catalog
approx_lon_min	float64	Minimum longitude
approx_lon_max	float64	Maximum longitude
approx_lat_min	float64	Minimum latitude
approx_lat_max	float64	Maximum latitude
score	int64	Quality score

Stations

The Stations dataset contains metadata for each seismic station.

Structure of the Stations table in UTDQuake.

Column	Type	Description
network	string	Network identifier
station	string	Station identifier
channel	string	Channel identifier (Only applies for DAS data)
available	bool	Availability of station metadata
confirmed	bool	Whether station is confirmed
confirmed_latitude	float64	Confirmed latitude
confirmed_longitude	float64	Confirmed longitude
confirmed_elevation	float64	Confirmed elevation
calculated	bool	Whether station location is calculated
calculated_latitude	float64	Calculated latitude
calculated_longitude	float64	Calculated longitude
calculated_latitude_std	float64	Standard deviation of calculated latitude
calculated_longitude_std	float64	Standard deviation of calculated longitude
creation_time	timestamp[us]	Time of station entry creation
calculated_num_entries	int64	Number of entries used for calculation
db_path	string	Path to station database file

Events

The Events dataset contains earthquake catalogs for each network.

Structure of the Events table in UTDQuake.

Column	Type	Description
time	timestamp[ns]	Origin time of the event
latitude	float64	Event latitude
longitude	float64	Event longitude
depth	float64	Event depth
magnitude	float64	Preferred magnitude value
azimuthal_gap	float64	Azimuthal gap of station coverage
event_description	string	Textual description of the event
associated_phase_count	float64	Number of associated phases
event_id	string	Unique event identifier
horizontal_uncertainty	float64	Horizontal location uncertainty
local_magnitude	float64	Local magnitude (ML)
moment_magnitude	float64	Moment magnitude (Mw)
duration_magnitude	float64	Duration magnitude
magnitude_type	string	Type of reported magnitude
p_phase_count	float64	Number of associated P phases
s_phase_count	float64	Number of associated S phases
p_pick_count	float64	Number of P-wave picks
s_pick_count	float64	Number of S-wave picks
standard_error	float64	Standard error of location/magnitude solution
used_phase_count	float64	Number of phases used in location
station_count	float64	Number of stations used
vertical_uncertainty	float64	Depth uncertainty (vertical)
updated	timestamp[ns]	Last update time of event
author	string	Author of the solution
agency_id	string	Contributing agency identifier
creation_time	timestamp[ns]	Time when event was created in catalog
version	string	Event solution version
stations	string	List of stations contributing to event
preferred_origin_id	string	Identifier of preferred origin solution

Picks

The Picks dataset contains seismic phase picks associated with each event.

Structure of the Arrivals (Picks) table in UTDQuake.

Column	Type	Description
network	string	Network identifier
station	string	Station identifier
channel	string	Seismic channel code
location	string	Station location code
phase	string	Phase type (e.g., P, S)
time	timestamp[ns]	Pick arrival time
travel_time	float64	Travel time from origin to arrival
travel_time_zscore	float64	Z-score of travel time relative to expected values
distance	float64	Epicentral distance
linear_hyp_distance	float64	Linear hypocentral distance
azimuth	float64	Azimuth from event to station
evaluation_mode	string	Evaluation mode of pick (automatic/manual)
event_id	string	Associated event identifier
origin_time	timestamp[ns]	Origin time of associated event
resource_id	string	Unique resource identifier
seed_id	string	SEED identifier (network.station.location.channel)
pick_id	string	Identifier of associated pick
time_correction	float64	Time correction applied to pick
takeoff_angle	float64	Estimated takeoff angle at source
time_residual	float64	Difference between observed and theoretical travel time
horizontal_slowness_residual	float64	Residual of horizontal slowness
backazimuth_residual	float64	Residual of backazimuth
time_weight	float64	Weight assigned to arrival time
horizontal_slowness_weight	float64	Weight of horizontal slowness constraint
backazimuth_weight	float64	Weight of backazimuth constraint
earth_model_id	string	Velocity/earth model used
creation_time	timestamp[ns]	Time arrival was created
author	string	Author of arrival solution
agency_id	string	Contributing agency identifier
origin_id	string	Associated origin identifier
preferred_origin_id	string	Preferred origin for this arrival

DAS Data

To maintain consistency with the overall UTDQuake architecture, DAS data are organized using the same tabular structure as seismic data, including Networks, Stations, Events, and Picks tables. In this representation, each DAS channel is treated as an individual station.

Accordingly, an additional column, channel, is included in the Stations table to uniquely identify each sensing position along the fiber, while the station field denotes the corresponding cable system.

This design preserves compatibility with conventional seismic metadata structures while enabling representation of the extremely dense spatial sampling characteristic of DAS arrays.

Directory    Format       Description
----------   -----------  -------------------------------------------------------
networks_DAS/    *.parquet    Network metadata.
events_DAS/      *.parquet    Earthquake event catalogs per network.
stations_DAS/    *.parquet    Metadata for DAS virtual sensors associated with each cable system in the network. (See ``channel`` column for unique sensor identifiers.)
picks_DAS/       *.parquet    Seismic phase pick datasets per network.
bank_DAS/        *.zip        ObsPlus EventBank datasets, one per Network_DAS. Can be
                          read directly using ObsPlus EventBank
                          <https://niosh-mining.github.io/obsplus/versions/latest/api/obsplus.bank.eventbank.html>.

Each dataset is organized per network and can be explored interactively using the Hugging Face dataset viewers below.

Network_DAS

The Network_DAS dataset contains metadata describing the DAS fiber-optic acquisition system and associated project information.

In this context, one station correspond to one cable system, and the channel identifies the sensing position along the fiber.

Stations_DAS

The Stations_DAS dataset contains metadata for DAS virtual sensors associated with each fiber-optic cable system. In this representation, each DAS channel is treated as an individual station, while the station field identifies the corresponding cable system and the channel field uniquely identifies the sensing position along the fiber.

Events_DAS

The Events_DAS dataset contains earthquake metadata associated with DAS recordings. Event locations and origin information were obtained from agencies rather than being directly determined from DAS observations. For each event, theoretical travel times were computed and used to associate automatic P- and S-phase picks within a 3-second time window across DAS virtual sensors.

Picks_DAS

The Picks_DAS dataset contains seismic phase arrival picks associated with DAS virtual sensors. Each pick is linked to a specific DAS channel, enabling phase detection and timing information to be represented within the same event-pick architecture used for conventional seismic networks.